为什么写这个文章，其实都是我自己的问题，真的发现自己很笨，老师说，C语言是拿来开发底层数据通信的，比如网络开发，前两天写的《Gappproxy ubuntu 客户端》使用的是C+GTK图形库制作的，因为还想把这个程序放到通知区域去，所以查找资料，找到如下 wiki https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DesktopExperienceTeam/ApplicationIndicators 。

这个wiki里面，有开发 ubuntu 通知区域的几种语言方式。我一一列出来。

以下是C语言实现方法：

#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include <libappindicator/app-indicator.h>

static void activate_action (GtkAction *action);

static GtkActionEntry entries[] = {
  { "FileMenu", NULL, "_File" },
  { "New",      "document-new", "_New", "<control>N",
    "Create a new file", G_CALLBACK (activate_action) },
  { "Open",     "document-open", "_Open", "<control>O",
    "Open a file", G_CALLBACK (activate_action) },
  { "Save",     "document-save", "_Save", "<control>S",
    "Save file", G_CALLBACK (activate_action) },
  { "Quit",     "application-exit", "_Quit", "<control>Q",
    "Exit the application", G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit) },
};
static guint n_entries = G_N_ELEMENTS (entries);

static const gchar *ui_info =
"<ui>"
"  <menubar name='MenuBar'>"
"    <menu action='FileMenu'>"
"      <menuitem action='New'/>"
"      <menuitem action='Open'/>"
"      <menuitem action='Save'/>"
"      <separator/>"
"      <menuitem action='Quit'/>"
"    </menu>"
"  </menubar>"
"  <popup name='IndicatorPopup'>"
"    <menuitem action='New' />"
"    <menuitem action='Open' />"
"    <menuitem action='Save' />"
"    <menuitem action='Quit' />"
"  </popup>"
"</ui>";

static void
activate_action (GtkAction *action)
{
        const gchar *name = gtk_action_get_name (action);
        GtkWidget *dialog;
        dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new (NULL,
                                         GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
                                         GTK_MESSAGE_INFO,
                                         GTK_BUTTONS_CLOSE,
                                         "You activated action: "%s"",
                                         name);
        g_signal_connect (dialog, "response",
                          G_CALLBACK (gtk_widget_destroy), NULL);
        gtk_widget_show (dialog);
}

int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  GtkWidget *window;
  GtkWidget *menubar;
  GtkWidget *table;
  GtkWidget *sw;
  GtkWidget *contents;
  GtkWidget *statusbar;
  GtkWidget *indicator_menu;
  GtkActionGroup *action_group;
  GtkUIManager *uim;
  AppIndicator *indicator;
  GError *error = NULL;
  gtk_init (&argc, &argv);

  /* main window */
  window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (window), "Indicator Demo");
  gtk_window_set_icon_name (GTK_WINDOW (window), "indicator-messages-new");
  g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (window),
                    "destroy",
                    G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit),
                    NULL);
  table = gtk_table_new (1, 5, FALSE);
  gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), table);

  /* Menus */
  action_group = gtk_action_group_new ("AppActions");
  gtk_action_group_add_actions (action_group,
                                entries, n_entries,
                                window);
  uim = gtk_ui_manager_new ();
  g_object_set_data_full (G_OBJECT (window),
                          "ui-manager", uim,
                          g_object_unref);
  gtk_ui_manager_insert_action_group (uim, action_group, 0);
  gtk_window_add_accel_group (GTK_WINDOW (window),
                              gtk_ui_manager_get_accel_group (uim));
  if (!gtk_ui_manager_add_ui_from_string (uim, ui_info, -1, &error))
    {
      g_message ("Failed to build menus: %sn", error->message);
      g_error_free (error);
      error = NULL;
    }
  menubar = gtk_ui_manager_get_widget (uim, "/ui/MenuBar");
  gtk_widget_show (menubar);
  gtk_table_attach (GTK_TABLE (table),
                    menubar,
                    0, 1,                    0, 1,
                    GTK_EXPAND | GTK_FILL,   0,
                    0,                       0);

  /* Document */
  sw = gtk_scrolled_window_new (NULL, NULL);
  gtk_scrolled_window_set_policy (GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW (sw),
                                  GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC,
                                  GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC);
  gtk_scrolled_window_set_shadow_type (GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW (sw),
                                       GTK_SHADOW_IN);
  gtk_table_attach (GTK_TABLE (table),
                    sw,
                    /* X direction */       /* Y direction */
                    0, 1,                   3, 4,
                    GTK_EXPAND | GTK_FILL,  GTK_EXPAND | GTK_FILL,
                    0,                      0);
  gtk_window_set_default_size (GTK_WINDOW (window),
                               200, 200);
  contents = gtk_text_view_new ();
  gtk_widget_grab_focus (contents);
  gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (sw),
                     contents);

  /* Create statusbar */
  statusbar = gtk_statusbar_new ();
  gtk_table_attach (GTK_TABLE (table),
                    statusbar,
                    /* X direction */       /* Y direction */
                    0, 1,                   4, 5,
                    GTK_EXPAND | GTK_FILL,  0,
                    0,                      0);

  /* Show the window */
  gtk_widget_show_all (window);
  /* Indicator */
  indicator = app_indicator_new ("example-simple-client",
                                 "indicator-messages",
                                 APP_INDICATOR_CATEGORY_APPLICATION_STATUS);
  indicator_menu = gtk_ui_manager_get_widget (uim, "/ui/IndicatorPopup");
  app_indicator_set_status (indicator, APP_INDICATOR_STATUS_ACTIVE);
  app_indicator_set_attention_icon (indicator, "indicator-messages-new");
  app_indicator_set_menu (indicator, GTK_MENU (indicator_menu));
  gtk_main ();
  return 0;
}

以下是 Python 语言实现方法：

#
# Copyright 2009 Canonical Ltd.
#
# Authors: Neil Jagdish Patel <neil.patel@canonical.com>
#          Jono Bacon <jono@ubuntu.com>
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of either or both of the following licenses:
#
# 1) the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3, as published by the
# Free Software Foundation; and/or
# 2) the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1, as published by
# the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranties of
# MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
# PURPOSE.  See the applicable version of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of both the GNU Lesser General Public
# License version 3 and version 2.1 along with this program.  If not, see
# <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
#

import gobject
import gtk
import appindicator

if __name__ == "__main__":
  ind = appindicator.Indicator ("example-simple-client",
                              "indicator-messages",
                              appindicator.CATEGORY_APPLICATION_STATUS)
  ind.set_status (appindicator.STATUS_ACTIVE)
  ind.set_attention_icon ("indicator-messages-new")

  # create a menu
  menu = gtk.Menu()

  # create some
  for i in range(3):
    buf = "Test-undermenu - %d" % i

    menu_items = gtk.MenuItem(buf)

    menu.append(menu_items)

    # this is where you would connect your menu item up with a function:

    # menu_items.connect("activate", self.menuitem_response, buf)

    # show the items
    menu_items.show()

  ind.set_menu(menu)

  gtk.main()

以下是 C# 语言实现方法：

using Gtk;
using AppIndicator;

public class IndicatorExample
{
   public static void Main ()
   {
        Application.Init ();

        Window win = new Window ("Test");
        win.Resize (200, 200);

        Label label = new Label ();
        label.Text = "Hello, world!";

        win.Add (label);

        ApplicationIndicator indicator = new ApplicationIndicator ("my-id","my-name",Category.ApplicationStatus);

        indicator.Status = Status.Attention;

        /*
        Menu menu = new Menu ();
        menu.Append (new MenuItem ("Foo"));
        menu.Append (new MenuItem ("Bar"));
        indicator.Menu = menu;
        */

        win.ShowAll ();

        Application.Run ();
    }
}

我要说的是，相对于C来说，Python 与 C# 使用简短的语法句子，就把所需要的功能给完整的写出来，而 C 语言确需要长篇的写严格的语法用于控制不会出错。看来老师说的是对的，写 C 控制得如此严格，一致于一点功能都需要很多代码支持，如果只是写本地的界面程序，还是用 Python 与 C# 开发较快。不过也有很多童鞋在 C 开发图形程序有很好的成就的，如 openfetion 的作者，与 iceplay 的作者。

看了这些比较，相信刚学编程的童鞋，应该知道自己往哪个方向需要学那些语言以快速入手了吧。再次感慨一下，自己在编程的路还有很长的一段距离呢。